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CausalCrunch
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Study: U.S. Economic System Generates Mistrust Amongst Americans

The Equality Trust -- The quality of social relations is worse in less equal societies. Evidence on inequality in relation to trust, community life and violence (see separate section on violence) all tell the same story. Inequality divides people by increasing the social distances between us and widening differences in living standards and lifestyles. By increasing residential segregation of rich and poor, it also increases physical distances.

Governments and policy makers are increasingly interested in "social capital" or social cohesion, trust, and involvement in community life. Everyone knows these are an important part of the quality of life and make a difference to what a society feels like to live in, but there has been little recognition that greater equality is an important pre-condition for strengthening community life.

Trust ... Read more

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CausalCrunch
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[Audio] Study: Humans Not So Different From Animals

Broadcast: Midmorning -- Humans vs. animals, a comparative study



A writer investigates what it means to be human by considering how much she is like certain animals. One example: like people, prairie dogs have an extended vocabulary of sounds.

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CausalCrunch
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Study: U.S. Economic System Least Likely To Allow Upwards Mobility

The Equality Trust -- People may move up or down the social ladder within their lifetime or from one generation to the next. That everyone has the same chance of moving up is what lies behind the idea of equality of opportunity.

Social Mobility ... Read more

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CausalCrunch
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Study: Cooperative Behavior Evolved

ScienceDaily (Apr. 7, 2009) -- One of the perplexing questions raised by evolutionary theory is how cooperative behavior, which benefits other members of a species at a cost to the individual, came to exist.

Cooperative behavior has puzzled biologists because if only the fittest survive, genes for a behavior that benefits everybody in a population should not last and cooperative behavior should die out, says Jeff Gore, a Pappalardo postdoctoral fellow in MIT's Department of Physics.

Gore is part of a team of MIT researchers that has used game theory to understand one solution yeast use to get around this problem. The team's findings, published in the April 6 online edition of Nature, indicate that if an individual can benefit even slightly by cooperating, it can survive even when surrounded by individuals that don't cooperate.

In short, the study offers a concrete example of how cooperative behaviors can be compatible with evolutionary theory. ... Read more

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CausalCrunch
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Societies w/Large Income Disparities Become Obese

The Equality Trust -- Obesity is increasing rapidly throughout the developed world. In some countries rates have doubled in just a few years. In the USA, three-quarters of the population are overweight, and close to a third are obese. In the UK, two-thirds of adults are overweight and more than a fifth are obese. Obesity increases the risk of hypertension, late onset diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease, and some cancers. The trends in children's obesity are likely to lead to shorter life expectancies for today's children - this would be the first reversal in life expectancy since the nineteenth century.

We found that obesity among men and women (see graph), as well as calorie intake and deaths from diabetes, are related to income inequality in rich countries. In addition, obesity in adults is also related to inequality in the 50 US states; and the percentage of children who are overweight is related to inequality both internationally and in the USA.

Obesity

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CausalCrunch
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Study: Poor Children Suffer Brain Impairment Due to Stress

Rob Stein, Washington Post Staff Writer -- Children raised in poverty suffer many ill effects: They often have health problems and tend to struggle in school, which can create a cycle of poverty across generations.

Now, research is providing what could be crucial clues to explain how childhood poverty translates into dimmer chances of success: Chronic stress from growing up poor appears to have a direct impact on the brain, leaving children with impairment in at least one key area -- working memory.

"There's been lots of evidence that low-income families are under tremendous amounts of stress, and we know that stress has many implications," said Gary W. Evans, a professor of human ecology at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., who led the research. "What this data raises is the possibility that it's also related to cognitive development."

With the economic crisis threatening to plunge more children into poverty, other researchers said the work offers insight into how poverty affects long-term achievement and underscores the potential ramifications of chronic stress early in life. ... Read more

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CausalCrunch
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Obama to Turkey: We are not a Christian or Jewish or Muslim nation

Rawstory -- President Obama told reporters in Turkey that America is not defined by any one religion. "I've said before that one of the great strengths of the United States is, although as I mentioned we have a very large Christian population, we do not consider ourselves a Christian nation or a Jewish nation or a Muslim nation. We consider ourselves a nation of citizens who are bound by ideals and a set of values," said the president.

Also on Monday, the Associated Press reports, "Obama, making his first visit to a Muslim nation as president, declared Monday the United States 'is not at war with Islam' and called for a greater partnership with the Islamic world."

This video is from CNN's American Morning, broadcast Apr. 6, 2009.
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